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[[File:Niels Bohr.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Niels Bohr]]
[[File:Bohr atom model.svg|right|thumb|200px|Bohr's model of the atom]]

'''Niels Bohr''' (7 October 1885 {{ndash}} 18 November 1962) was a [[Denmark|Danish]] physicist who helped discover [[quantum physics]], the structure of the [[atom]], and the [[atomic bomb]]. Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1922 for, discovering the quantization of atomic energy levels. He worked on the [[Manhattan Project]]. He married Margrethe N?rlund in 1912. One of his sons was [[Aage Bohr]], who was also an important physicist. Aage won in 1975 his own [[Nobel prize]]. Niels Bohr worked also with [[Albert Einstein]]. He is also considered one of the most important physicists of the 20th century.  

== Biography ==
Niels Henrik David Bohr, or Niels Bohr was born in [[Copenhagen]], Denmark,1885 as the son of Christian Bohr, who was also professor of [[physiology]] at the [[University of Copenhagen]]. Bohr's mother was Ellen Adler Bohr and was [[Jew]]ish with a rich family of bankers and politicians. Niels was also the brother of [[Harald Bohr]]. Bohr was a [[mathematician]], a physicist, and a football player of the national team.  

In 1903 Bohr began studies of philosophy and [[mathematics]] at the Copenhagen University. 

In 1905 the Royal Danish Academy of Science organized a competition. Niels Bohr participated with some experiments in surface tension. He used the laboratory of his father in the university, because he knew it since he was a boy. 

His work won the prize. For this reason, he decided to stop the studies of philosophy and mathematics and changed to physics. 

He received his doctorate in 1911. 

Bohr did experiments in the Trinity College in [[Cambridge]] under the direction of J.J. Thomson. After it, he went to the University of [[Manchester]] under the direction of [[Ernest Rutherford]]. On the basis of the theories of Rutherford, he published his theory of electrons. He introduces the theory of electrons traveling in orbits around the nucleus of the [[atom]] in 1913 and the chemical properties of the orbit.

He introduced the idea that an [[electron]] can drop from a higher energy orbit to a lower one. Then it can emit a [[photon]] of discrete energy. This is the basis of [[Old quantum theory|quantum theory]]. 

Niels Bohr and his wife Margrethe N?rlund Bohr had four sons. Their oldest died in a tragic boating accident and another died from childhood meningitis. The others went on to lead successful lives, including Aage Bohr, who became a very successful physicist and, like his father, won a Nobel Prize in physics, in 1975.

British actor [[Kenneth Branagh]] played Bohr in the 2023 [[Christopher Nolan]] movie ''[[Oppenheimer (movie)|Oppenheimer]]''.

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{{Nobel Prize in Physics}}

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[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:Danish Jews]]
[[Category:Danish physicists]]
[[Category:Jewish scientists]]
[[Category:Nuclear physicists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Copenhagen]]
[[Category:Theoretical physicists]]
[[Category:Danish Nobel Prize winners]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Manchester]]
[[Category:Nobel Prize in Physics winners]]